1. Galih Pangestu, 22210924
2. Harry Farhan, 23210157
3. Prasetiyo, 25210362
4. Saepupudin, 26210320
5. Tri Prasojo, 26210958
What are English Grammar Phrases?
A phrase is a group of
words functioning as a syntactical unit. It’s a broad term, comprising groups of words of many different types and
functions. Phrases function as all parts of speech, as both subjects and
predicates, as clauses, as idioms, and as figures of speech. This is by no
means a complete list of the functions of phrases, though, as virtually any
small group of words can be called a phrase.
Types of phrases in English grammar
A.
English Noun Phrases
For example, you could say "I met Joan."
In this sentence the word Joan is a noun. You could
replace Joan with a group of words (a phrase) and say, "I met your sister."
Your sister is a phrase (a group of words without a finite
verb), and it functions as a
noun in the sentence. So we call it a noun phrase.
Additional noun phrases examples (the noun phrase is bold):
·
All the
kids were sleeping.
·
The boy
in the blue jeans says he'll do it.
·
He bought her a
beautiful red dress.
·
Mom baked tasty
chocolate cookies.
·
Julia was thinking
about her friends back home.
B.
English Verb Phrases
A verb phrase is a combination of a main
verb and one or more auxiliary verbs (also known as helping verbs). This group of words acts like a verb.
For example, you could say "I waited for you."
In this sentence the word waited is a verb. You could replace waited with a group of words (a phrase) and say, "I have been waiting for
you."
Have been waiting is a verb phrase, and it
functions as a single verb in the sentence. So we call it a verb phrase. It can also be called a compound verb.
Note that the verbs in the verb phrase can be separated. In other words,
they don't have to follow each other!
For example, both "We will return!"
and "Will we return?" contain verb
phrases (in bold).
Additional examples of verb phrases
(the verb phrase is bold):
·
They are waiting for
the rain to stop.
·
Why is she staying at
home?
·
Jack is not taking any
breaks.
·
Shanon will meet us
there.
·
Will you help us?
C.
English Adjective Phrases
For example, you could say "Lisa is an experienced teacher."
In this sentence the word experienced is
an adjective. It describes Lisa. You could
replace experienced with a group of words (a phrase) and say, "Lisa is a teacher with a lot of
experience."
With a lot of experience is a phrase (a group of words
without a finite
verb), and it functions as
an adjective in the sentence. It describes Lisa. So we call it
an adjective phrase.
Additional adjective phrase examples (the adjective
phrase is bold):
·
My grandfather is a
man of great wisdom.
·
Tom is a man with
good instincts.
·
She brought a cake made
of nuts and fruit.
·
His friends are
sailors living in the sea.
·
The man by the
car is my father.
D.
English Adverb Phrases
For example, you could say "I live there."
In this sentence the word there is an adverb. It
tells us where. You could replace there with a group of words (a
phrase) and say, "I live in the
house on the other side of the street."
On the other side of the street is a phrase (a group of words
without a finite
verb), and it functions as
an adverb in the sentence. It tells us where. So we call it
an adverb phrase.
Additional adverb phrase examples (the adjective phrase
is bold):
·
She was born on
the very same day.
·
George fell asleep holding
his book.
·
Every
now and then they meet and
chat.
·
For now, I would like to ask you to leave.
·
Without
a doubt, they will win the
game.
E.
English Prepositional Phrases
A prepositional phrase is a group of words starting
with a preposition and ending with a noun, pronoun or a noun phrase (the object of the
preposition). Prepositional phrases
give us more information about the word(s) they describe.
Take a look at the following sentence: "They live in the big house."
The underlined part starts with a preposition (in) and ends with
the object of the preposition (the big house). It gives us more information
about wherethey live. Therefore it is a prepositional phrase.
Additional prepositional phrase examples
(the prepositional phrase is bold):
·
They sat in the
old green car.
·
The men are
working for the money.
·
Every
morning we take a walk in
the park.
·
Don't shout at
me.
·
Put the vase by
the window.
F.
English Appositives
Examples:
Sarah, Mrs. Jones, a very thin man.
Example sentences (the appositive is bold):
·
My best friend, Sarah,
is moving in with me.
·
Her first teacher, Mrs.
Jones, was a strict person.
·
The CEO, a very
smart man, decided to sell the company.
Note that you could also say (the appositive is bold):
·
Sarah, my best
friend, is moving in with me.
·
Mrs. Jones, her
first teacher, was a strict person.
·
A very smart
man, the CEO, decided to sell the company.
Additional appositive examples
(the appositive is bold):
·
During the contest,
Diana, the best one, tripped and fell.
·
My friends, the noisiest
gang you can think of, showed up at my door.
·
New York, one of
the biggest cities on Earth, is located on the East coast.
·
Lisa, my
five-year-old daugther, is eating dinner in the kitchen.
·
Pitsi, your
little cat, is not so little any more.
The appositive (also called appositive phrase, if longer than a
single word) has several punctuation rules.
